Role of the Pancreas in the Body

The pancreas performs two major functions:

1. Digestive Function

It releases enzymes that break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.

2. Hormonal Function

It produces insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels.

Any disease affecting the pancreas can disrupt both digestion and metabolism.

Types of Pancreas Diseases

Pancreatic disorders are diverse and range from mild inflammation to severe cancer.

1. Acute Pancreatitis

Sudden inflammation caused mainly by gallstones or alcohol.

2. Chronic Pancreatitis

Long-term inflammation leading to permanent damage.

3. Pancreatic Cysts

Fluid-filled sacs that may be benign or cancerous.

4. Pancreatic Cancer

A serious and fast-growing cancer often detected late.

5. Pancreatic Insufficiency

The pancreas fails to produce enough enzymes, causing nutrient malabsorption.

6. Pancreatic Duct Obstruction

Blockage of the duct due to stones or tumors.

7. Gallstone Pancreatitis

Occurs when gallstones block the pancreatic duct.

8. Alcohol-Induced Pancreatitis

Long-term heavy drinking damages the pancreas.

Causes of Pancreatic Diseases

Some common causes include:

• Gallstones

• Persistent alcohol use

• High triglycerides

• Certain medications

• Autoimmune conditions

• Genetic disorders

• Smoking

• Pancreatic duct blockage

These factors can trigger inflammation, infection, or abnormal growth.

Risk Factors

You may be more prone to pancreatic diseases if you:

• Are overweight

• Have diabetes

• Have a family history of pancreas issues

• Smoke or drink alcohol

• Eat a high-fat diet

• Have a history of gallstones

Common Symptoms

Pancreatic diseases show symptoms such as:

• Severe upper abdominal pain

• Pain radiating to the back

• Nausea and vomiting

• Fever

• Bloating

• Yellow skin or eyes (jaundice)

• Greasy or oily stools

• Sudden unexplained weight loss

• Loss of appetite

Pain often worsens after eating fatty foods.

Severe Symptoms Requiring Urgent Care

• Persistent and unbearable abdominal pain

• Rapid heartbeat

• Low blood pressure

• Difficulty breathing

• Confusion

• Shock

These may indicate organ failure or severe pancreatitis.

Complications If Pancreatic Disease Is Untreated

Untreated pancreatic disorders may lead to:

• Internal bleeding

• Infection and abscess

• Pancreatic necrosis (tissue death)

• Diabetes

• Malnutrition

• Kidney failure

• Cancer spread

Early diagnosis prevents life-threatening complications.

Diagnosis at Siddhi Vinayak Surgical Hospital

1. Blood Tests

Check pancreatic enzymes (amylase, lipase) and liver function.

2. Ultrasound

Detects gallstones and inflammation.

3. CT Scan

Provides detailed images of the pancreas.

4. MRCP

Special scan to examine pancreatic and bile ducts.

5. Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS)

Ideal for detecting cysts and tumors at early stages.

6. Biopsy

To confirm cancer or chronic inflammation.

Treatment Options

1. Medications

• Pain relievers

• Antibiotics

• Pancreatic enzyme supplements

• Acid reducers

2. IV Fluids

Correct dehydration and maintain organ function.

3. Lifestyle Modifications

• Avoiding alcohol

• Reducing fatty food

• Weight management

4. Endoscopic Procedures

• Removal of stones blocking ducts

• Stent placement

• Drainage of cysts

5. Surgery

Required for:

• Pancreatic cancer

• Severe chronic pancreatitis

• Duct obstruction

• Complicated cysts

Laparoscopic surgery provides faster recovery and less pain.

Living With Pancreas Disease

Patients with chronic or long-term pancreatic conditions should:

• Eat low-fat meals

• Avoid alcohol completely

• Take prescribed enzymes

• Stay hydrated

• Follow regular check-ups

• Manage diabetes if present

Consistency helps prevent flare-ups.

Prevention Tips

To keep your pancreas healthy:

• Maintain ideal body weight

• Limit alcohol consumption

• Quit smoking

• Eat a balanced, low-fat diet

• Stay active

• Manage cholesterol levels

These habits reduce the risk of pancreatitis and cancer.