Role of the Rectum in Digestion

The rectum:

• Stores stool temporarily

• Sends signals to the brain during bowel movement

• Works with muscles and nerves of the anus

• Helps in maintaining continence

Any disease affecting the rectum impacts bowel habits and quality of life.

Types of Rectum Diseases

1. Rectal Prolapse

When the rectum slips out through the anus. Common in elderly, women after childbirth, and chronic constipation patients.

2. Rectal Cancer

Malignant growth in the rectum. Early detection is crucial.

3. Rectal Polyps

Small growths that may turn cancerous if untreated.

4. Proctitis

Inflammation of the rectum due to infection, radiation, or autoimmune disease.

5. Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome

A painful ulcer inside the rectum caused by chronic straining.

6. Rectal Bleeding Disorders

From simple causes like fissures to serious conditions like cancer.

7. Rectocele

A bulge of the rectum into the vagina due to weak pelvic muscles. Common in women.

Causes of Rectal Diseases

Rectum diseases develop due to:

• Chronic constipation

• Excessive straining

• Aging muscles

• Pelvic floor weakness

• Infections

• Inflammatory bowel diseases

• Tumors

• Radiation treatment

• Poor diet and low fiber

Sometimes, causes combine to create long-term rectal disorders.

Risk Factors

You may be at risk if you:

• Eat low-fiber food

• Sit for long periods

• Lift heavy weights

• Have had multiple pregnancies

• Have a history of bowel disorders

• Are overweight

• Have a family history of rectal diseases

Symptoms of Rectum Disease

Common symptoms include:

• Bright red blood during stool

• Mucus discharge

• Painful bowel movements

• Feeling that stool is not fully passed

• Pressure or heaviness in rectum

• A lump protruding from anus (prolapse)

• Difficulty controlling bowel movements

Each disease presents differently, so diagnosis is essential.

Severe Symptoms Requiring Immediate Medical Attention

• Continuous bleeding

• High fever with rectal pain

• Sudden weight loss

• Severe abdominal cramps

• Inability to pass stool

• Loss of bowel control

These may indicate cancer, severe prolapse, or obstruction.

Complications If Rectal Diseases Are Ignored

Ignoring symptoms may cause:

• Chronic ulcer formation

• Severe infection

• Tissue death (in prolapse)

• Fistula formation

• Bowel obstruction

• Cancer progression

• Loss of bowel control

• Significant anemia

Early treatment helps avoid these complications.

Diagnosis at Siddhi Vinayak Surgical Hospital

1. Physical & Rectal Examination

Identifies swelling, prolapse, or ulcers.

2. Proctoscopy

A short scope used to inspect the rectum internally.

3. Colonoscopy

Examines the entire colon to rule out cancer or polyps.

4. MRI Pelvis

Ideal for prolapse, rectocele, or fistula mapping.

5. CT Scan

Useful for detecting tumors or infection.

6. Biopsy

Confirms cancer or inflammation.

Treatment Options

1. Medications

• Pain relievers

• Anti-inflammatory medicines

• Antibiotics (if infection)

• Stool softeners

2. Diet & Lifestyle Modifications

• High-fiber foods

• Hydration

• Avoid straining

• Regular exercise

3. Pelvic Floor Therapy

Strengthens muscles to treat rectocele and mild prolapse.

4. Endoscopic Treatments

• Polyp removal

• Ulcer treatment

5. Laser Treatment

Used for certain types of rectal conditions for minimal pain and faster healing.

6. Laparoscopic Surgery

Required for:

• Rectal prolapse repair

• Rectal cancer

• Severe rectocele

• Chronic rectal ulcers

7. Open Surgery

Used only in advanced cases where laparoscopic surgery is not suitable.

Living With Rectal Disease

Tips to manage symptoms and prevent worsening:

• Eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains

• Take warm Sitz baths

• Avoid spicy food

• Exercise regularly

• Never ignore bleeding

• Follow proper toilet habits

• Strengthen pelvic floor muscles

A healthy routine speeds recovery and prevents recurrence.

Prevention Tips

• Maintain a fiber-rich diet

• Drink 2–3 liters of water daily

• Avoid straining and prolonged sitting

• Keep body weight under control

• Exercise daily

• Avoid chronic laxative use