Role of the Small Intestine

The small intestine performs several vital functions:

1. Digestion

Breaks down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats using enzymes.

2. Absorption

Absorbs vitamins, minerals, nutrients, and water.

3. Immune Protection

Contains immune cells that protect the body from infections.

4. Coordination

Works closely with the stomach, pancreas, and liver to ensure smooth digestion.

Damage to the small intestine affects the entire digestive system.

Types of Small Intestine Diseases

1. Small Intestinal Infection

Caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites — leads to diarrhea and pain.

2. Crohn’s Disease

A chronic autoimmune disorder causing inflammation and ulcers.

3. Celiac Disease

Gluten intolerance causing immune damage to the small intestine lining.

4. Intestinal Obstruction

Food, gas, or fluid cannot pass — requires urgent treatment.

5. Small Intestine Cancer

Rare but serious; early detection is important.

6. Peptic Ulcers

Ulcers in the small intestine (duodenum) caused by acid or infection.

7. Malabsorption Syndrome

The intestine fails to absorb nutrients, causing weakness and weight loss.

8. Intestinal Ischemia

Reduced blood supply causing tissue death.

9. Worm Infestation

Roundworms, hookworms, and tapeworms commonly affect the intestine.

Causes of Small Intestine Diseases

Diseases may occur due to:

• Poor diet

• Contaminated food or water

• Autoimmune problems

• Chronic inflammation

• Bacterial or viral infections

• Reduced intestinal blood flow

• Tumors

• Long-term medication use

• Allergy to gluten or foods

Risk Factors

You’re more at risk if you have:

• Poor hygiene habits

• Smoking or drinking habits

• Weak immunity

• Family history of intestinal issues

• Heavy junk food intake

• Existing digestive problems

• Stress and lack of sleep

Symptoms of Small Intestine Diseases

Common symptoms include:

• Cramping or abdominal pain

• Bloating and gas

• Nausea or vomiting

• Chronic diarrhea

• Constipation (in obstruction)

• Weight loss

• Pale or oily stool

• Fatigue

• Nutrient deficiencies (iron, B12, calcium)

• Blood or mucus in stool

Symptoms vary depending on the exact disease.

Severe Symptoms Requiring Emergency Care

• Sudden inability to pass stool or gas

• Persistent vomiting (green or black)

• Sharp, unbearable abdominal pain

• High fever with chills

• Black, tarry stools

• Severe dehydration

These may indicate obstruction, perforation, or severe infection.

Complications If Small Intestine Disease Is Ignored

Untreated intestinal diseases can lead to:

• Severe malnutrition

• Vitamin deficiencies

• Electrolyte imbalance

• Ulcers and perforation

• Intestinal blockage

• Life-threatening infections

• Cancer (in chronic inflammatory diseases)

Early diagnosis prevents long-term damage.

Diagnosis at Siddhi Vinayak Surgical Hospital

1. Blood Tests

Check anemia, infection, and malnutrition.

2. Stool Tests

Detect parasites, blood, or inflammation.

3. Ultrasound Abdomen

Shows swelling or obstruction.

4. CT Scan

Identifies inflammation, obstruction, and tumors.

5. Endoscopy

Examines the upper small intestine.

6. Colonoscopy

Evaluates the lower intestine.

7. Biopsy

Confirms celiac disease, cancer, or chronic inflammation.

8. MRI Enterography

High-resolution imaging of the entire small intestine.

Treatment Options

1. Medications

• Antibiotics

• Anti-inflammatory drugs

• Steroids (for Crohn’s)

• Pain relievers

• Anti-parasitic medications

• Immunosuppressants

2. Diet and Lifestyle Changes

• Gluten-free diet for celiac disease

• Low-fiber diet for obstruction

• High-protein diet for malnutrition

• Hydration and electrolyte solutions

3. Enzyme Supplements

For malabsorption disorders.

4. Endoscopic Treatments

Used to treat bleeding, polyps, or narrowing.

5. Surgery

Required for:

• Intestinal obstruction

• Severe Crohn’s disease

• Tumors

• Perforation

• Chronic ulcers

Laparoscopic surgery ensures faster recovery with minimal pain.

Living With Small Intestine Disease

To manage symptoms:

• Eat easy-to-digest foods

• Avoid spicy or oily meals

• Take supplements if advised

• Follow a structured diet plan

• Avoid alcohol and smoking

• Stay hydrated

• Manage stress

• Regular follow-up appointments

Lifestyle is key to long-term intestinal health.

Prevention Tips

• Practice good hygiene

• Wash vegetables and fruits

• Avoid stale or contaminated food

• Maintain a balanced diet

• Exercise daily

• Drink clean water

• Reduce alcohol consumption

Healthy habits protect the small intestine from infections and inflammation